There are always ups and downs associated with any line of business Free Essays

string(78) " feel that this downturn is caused by normal fluctuations in business cycles\." There are always ups and downs associated with any line of business. IT is not an exception. During downturn profit margins take a toll and consumer confidence plummets. We will write a custom essay sample on There are always ups and downs associated with any line of business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Business executives around the world eagerly scan the latest report on economic indicators and search for good news. Downturn affects many segments. It is not only the industry that experiences the negatives of the economy, but also the common man is affected. Economic uncertainty elicits different reactions from different firms. Some organizations simply tread water and attempt to ride out the storm; others swim upstream with the intent to move ahead of their competitors. As executives rethink their business strategies, they should consider a variety of approaches – including some that are not immediately obvious given today’s uncertain economic climate. 2 Problem Definition Understanding the problem is a key to solving it. Howsoever generic this statement may be, it is apt to say that the strategies and actions formulated to emerge strong in downturn may not succeed without understanding how the downturn was caused. It is imperative to understand the factors that influence the downturn and how a particular downturn may be triggered. The cause could be many; a particular industry segment might not meet expectations and could trigger decrease in growth in other sectors. E.g. the dot com burst. In this section we endeavor to list down indicators that could possible play a role in causing the downturn. Along with it we also list down the reactions that companies worldwide give to tackle downturns. By way of research we would like to present how these reactions can indeed be made operational strategies to emerge victorious in the downturn. 2.1 Economic Downturn – Defined Economic Downturn is defined by a significant decline in total output, income, employment, and trade, usually lasting from six months to a year, and marked by widespread contractions in many sectors of the economy. Downturns can be * Industry specific * Economy based * Long term/ short term or * Geography specific The severity of an Economic Downturn is measured through parameters like: Economy * Employment * GDP Growth * Interest rates * Inflation * Investments * Public Expenditure Corporate * Lack of growth in profitability * Falling earning outlooks * Squeeze in margins * Drop in share price Index * Low dividends * High investor expectation * Dried-up cash flow * Low capacity utilization * Urgent need for cost optimization * Increased market competition * Stagnant Markets – Non expanding – Frozen pie vs. Expanding Pie People * Fall in Personal income * Fall in Personal expenditure * Fall in Private Investments 2.2 Company Reactions during downturn Companies adopt various tactics that can help them emerge stronger and subsequently more competitive when the economic upturn arrives. Forward-thinking initiatives that concentrate on lowering an organization’s ongoing cost structure are more effective than blanket budget cuts. The tactics focus equally on efficiency and expansion, since businesses keen on moving ahead have to consider both perspectives. In fact, when corporate coffers are clamped shut, companies must rely on efficiency gains to fund expansion initiatives 2.2.1 Cut Costs Cutting the cost is probably the most obvious option for a company when margins are thin. Cost cutting is done in different forms and many of the following options directly or indirectly deal with them. 2.2.2 Improve Focus In boom times, the proverbial strategy is to let a thousand flowers bloom. However, when the financial picture darkens, the businesses tend to do some pruning. An economic downturn becomes an ideal time to focus the corporation’s scarce resources -both marketing and manufacturing dollars – on the most popular, promising or profitable products and brands. In other words, invest in the best and ignore the rest. Savings from consolidation efforts can then be applied to further support selected focus areas. Similarly, businesses try to concentrate on acquiring and retaining the most profitable customer sets: How? 1. Forego expensive mass-marketing efforts; instead, market directly to carefully targeted prospects 2. Focus efforts on serving top accounts better than ever. Understand customer cost and revenue drivers to determine the real â€Å"top accounts†, then consider e-commerce and self-service solutions that can increase satisfaction while lowering costs. 3. Learn to effectively use information that is already available in-house to build revenues from the existing customer base. By combining in-house information with proprietary market data, the company can start to understand the â€Å"why† of customer preferences and build a stronger competitive advantage. 2.2.3 Ease points of pain When revenues are climbing continuously, inefficiencies are easy to ignore; declines in per-unit margins can be made up through volume. But when growth stalls, margins come under tremendous scrutiny, forcing companies to inspect every aspect of their business for possible improvements. Rarely can a business simply stop performing a function; instead, it must find a way to accomplish the task differently. This often requires the help of technology. Surplus inventory, high work-in-process and supply-and-demand discrepancies are more costly than ever. By digitally linking the entire supply chain and collaborating electronically with suppliers and customers, companies can potentially lower costs in the short term and improve market responsiveness over time. 2.2.4 Share costs It’s not surprising that when margins are squeezed, firms search out and eliminate redundancy. Internal and external best practices implemented through shared or common business models across the enterprise can dramatically lower costs while increasing competitiveness. However, an â€Å"all or nothing† approach to standardization can sometimes backfire. When implementation teams look beneath the surface of â€Å"common functions†, they often discover legitimate needs for variance. Before too long, the cost of processing exceptions outweighs the anticipated synergy savings. An effective shared services strategy requires a deeper analysis up front – pursuing similar parts, not necessarily the whole function. Rather than forcing each function – regardless of line of business – into a standard mold, look for naturally occurring affinities, pinpoint specific areas of similarity, and combine those particular pieces. 3 Analysis 3.1 Reasons for Downturn Studies have shown that the following are the main reasons for downturn: 60% of the respondents feel that this downturn is caused by normal fluctuations in business cycles. You read "There are always ups and downs associated with any line of business" in category "Papers" The fluctuations in share markets are attributed as the reason for downturn by 20% of the respondents. Only 15% of the respondents felt that the September 11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center is the cause for the downturn. This shows that people perceive downturn as a natural phenomenon happening due to ups and downs in the economy. Terrorist attacks and other reasons, are not the main factors causing downturn, but they can trigger an already bad situation worse. 3.2 How do people see the downturn Majority (61%) of the people feel that downturn is an opportunity to find newer markets, restructure their organization and fine-tune the process to increase productivity. The findings here support our arguments provided in the previous section. Downturn is definitely an opportunity for businesses to take a look at their processes, the way they provide services to customers, markets and other factors affecting them and improve their way of working. 3.3 Strategies to focus during downturn Studies found that during a downturn the energies of people are concentrated in keeping their customers happy. 32% of the people have made this as their primary focus area. The other areas where people are concentrating are in strengthening the sales and distribution/marketing. When getting new business is tough, it makes sense to keep the existing customers happy, provide them the extra bit for their dollar and come up with innovative ideas to service them. Keeping the existing business stable can sustain the current revenues and increase. Repeat business can increase the revenues. With these factors in mind, people are following customer centric strategies to face the downturn. 3.4 HR strategies during downturn Human Resources are on of the key focus area during a downturn. Cost can be cut cost by retrenching employees. Productivity can be increased by extending the working hours or by employing cross-functional training. â€Å"Punish the non-performers† is the key mantra. 80% of the respondents have stated that this is the primary task that needs to be accomplished or that their companies have started identifying non-performers and taken steps to ensure that employees perform to expectations. Some of them advocate extending the working hours. There seems to be not much support for unpaid leave or freezing salaries among the people interviewed. 3.5 Outsourcing as an option Downturns might pose a good opportunity to study what the companies are doing the best and discard the rest. Outsourcing to low cost destinations is definitely being looked as a possible opportunity. 76% of the respondents feel that they should resort to outsourcing non-core activities. 4 Suggested Strategy to Manage Downturns â€Å"Recessions, sound a lot worse than they are — in part because they’re a great opportunity to move forward on key strategies and to take on competitors.† To get through a recession the most important thing for a company to do is to keep a positive attitude and identify its challenges and convert them into opportunities. There are various strategies that a company can adopt to not only survive but also grow in a reversionary economy. Based on the various arguments and data provided in the previous sections, we are in a position to present these action items to manage business in a downturn. We have grouped them under different functional management areas. 4.1 Core Competencies Recession is the time when a company must concentrate on its core competencies. Core Competence implies Resource, strength, skills or a combination that provide tangible advantage to a firm. It is very essential for the company to maintain focus and do what it does best. It is dangerous for a company to venture into unknown territories with an intention to broad-base itself, as one wrong decision could make it fall deep in the red. Every company must take stock of its strengths and leveraging unique strengths that are difficult to emulate. It should strive to enhance its knowledge and skill by keeping in touch with the market requirements. Identify strengths and axe weaknesses. This can translate in restructuring, selling or closing weak or mediocre businesses. Selling is particularly difficult, as the same division might have fetched much more in good days. In a downturn, this aspect should not change the focus. Companies cannot afford to waste money and management attention in areas that destroy value or limit their ability to invest in the future. Young companies may not have enough run way for the next year or two. They must rapidly adopt survival strategies. Tough choices range from giving up equity at low valuations; merging with compatible product or service companies; partnering to, in effect, use other people’s resources; or narrowing the strategic focus to a bare minimum. A careful study and analysis will help in taking the right decision. 4.2 Customer is the King Repeat business from customers is important to maintain profitability. It has been proven that, repeat business accounts for around 70% of the total business in most of the established companies. Customer delight should be the focus. Offer something to the customer, which not only exceeds his expectations but also goes even beyond it. E.g. Special features in a software application/product in line with the customer requirements. Infosys receives 85% of its revenues from its existing customers. This is what we can call as a â€Å"Customer focused capabilities† which Infosys has built over a period of time. Customer delight can also be achieved by actually sending out people on the field and spending time with the customers to find out their requirements, the value they put on the product or service offered by the company, their level of satisfaction with the quality and other suggestions they can offer to better our product. This strategy was recently adopted by Hindustan Lever Ltd. with their â€Å"feel the pulse† drive. 4.3 Human Resource 4.3.1 Talent Retention At the outset, we have shown that recession and growth form a continuous circle. Therefore, it is imperative for companies to resist the temptation of cutting costs through retrenchment, as it sows the problem of rehiring professionals when the economy turns around. Instead, companies should encourage their employees to accept pay-cuts, and cross- train them so as to equip them with the necessary skills that will help the company take advantage of the opportunities that arise once the situation improves. Many companies that want to cut costs during recession adopt the policy of downsizing. A vast number of talented professionals are thus available for recruitment. Managers can take advantage of this favorable situation by recruiting these professionals after thoroughly interviewing them, thus testing their competency levels, attitudes, and the organizational culture fit. 4.3.2 Miscellaneous Actions Companies can resort to cross-train people in view of the opportunities that can come up after the recession is over. This is more like doing an investment in hope of better time to come In case of situations that warrant stopping the production, companies can ask the employees to take unpaid leaves or giving extended weekends. Lucent has adopted this strategy. It can have a downside to it by way of loosing talented employees because of employees getting demoralized. Offering additional perks to those who can get in more business can motivate employees. This can be mainly applicable to the marketing and sales force. Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric Co. called pay freezes â€Å"the worst crime of management† and underscored his long-held belief in a meritocracy approach that consistently rewards the top 20% of employees and dismisses the bottom 10%. While he was CEO at GE, Welch said, 75% of his time was spent â€Å"evaluating people† and raising the company’s intellectual capital â€Å"through candid evaluations.† 5 Conclusion: Economic Downturn is a phenomenon that occurs at different spheres of the society and attracts a lot of attention from the corporate world, the policy makers and of course the common man. The strategies to set things right are also decided at various levels and encompass a wide range of actions. Above study consists of observing typical industry response to downturn, conducting primary research through surveys and analyzing the data and secondary research through analyzing reports and news available in business journals and internet research groups like Gartner, Meta group etc. How to cite There are always ups and downs associated with any line of business, Papers

College Sports Essay Example For Students

College Sports Essay Student Athletes Deserve More than Scholarships Student Athletes Deserve More than Scholarships. A Look into the Finances of MajorCollege Sports Programs Student-athletes at major colleges and universities do more than attendclasses, practices, and compete against other teams. They generate money. Supporters of theplay-for-pay concept believe that since major college athletic programs produce large sums ofmoney through television rights fees, bowl games, ticket sales and other means, student-athletesdeserve more than just a grant-in-aid for their efforts. As a result, intercollegiate sports havedeveloped into a highly specialized, multi-million dollar entertainment industry that rides on theThis industry has in turn resulted in substantial rewards for big time athletic programs andthe NCAA. While universities are eager to compensate coaches for the exploits of their playersthey are steadfast in their abidance of the NCAA Manual. This idea would have us believe thefinancial system bet ween universities and student-athletes is unfairly balanced in favor of theinstitution. A university realizes millions in revenue and all the athlete gets is a measly scholarship. Article 12 of the NCAA bylaws provides that a student-athlete loses amateur status along withthe right to participate in intercollegiate athletics when he is found to have received funds, awards,or other impermissible benefits established under NCAA legislation. Schools should either stickto this in every case, or just not at all. These prohibitions on payment include direct compensationfor athletic participation and receipt of financial aid above the cost of tuition, fees, room, board,and books. While student-athletes directly contribute millions of dollars in revenue to institutionsthey receive nothing but the minimum cost to keep them in school. Most of these young men andwomen come from lower-middle class and lower-class families that are unable to send thestudents spending money during the year or pay for a plane ticket home for the holidays. All over the nation, we hear of athletes leaving school early to play professional sports. And it is simply because that these athletes can not survive only on their scholarship money. Where do they get the money without a job? The cost of living or just making ends meat, forcesthe athlete to leave school and find work. That is what happens when you play professionally, itbecomes your work, your job. That is what puts food on the table and money in the bank. Mostcollege athletes are on scholarships and receive money for their education, room and board. However, my point is that these athletes dont have an opportunity to make money for theirThe NCAA forbids student-athletes from working for wages during the school year. Ifparents are unable to send their son or daughter money for anything not covered by theirscholarship they are penniless. Most people think that an athlete should just be thankful for theeducation he receives in exchange for a few hours of practice. But an enormous amount of cash isbeing circulated within that school, at the athletes expense, which that athl ete will never lay eyeson. The solution to the money problem is simple, pay them. I am not talking about millions oreven thousands of dollars. Give each student-athlete the same amount of pay they could receivein a normal job. The wage would be the same for every athlete based on division within the samesport. Every player would receive the same amount regardless of on field contribution. Havingevery school abide by equal pay would eliminate larger, more profitable schools from offeringbigger paydays to recruits as incentive to attend their institution over another. This would keeprecruiting fair across the country for every school. Student-athletes endure countless hours of practice and athletic competition to earn pride,respect, and most importantly, money for their respective schools. Unfortunately, these athletesare taken out of the equation when it comes time to distribute the money generated by theirathletic programs. Paying players would do more than allow the underprivileged students toparticipate in basic college activities like dating or ordering a pizza with friends. A true athleteplays the game simply because he loves it. When you are in sports, it is more or less a businessand it is their job to make money for the school. For a given number of hours per week, they givetheir blood, sweat, and tears just to play a sixty-minute game or run two times around a track. .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0 , .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0 .postImageUrl , .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0 , .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0:hover , .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0:visited , .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0:active { border:0!important; } .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0:active , .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0 .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2dd9eeb15ddab99b48bde9cb96abe6f0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Business Law EssayTake these factors and combine it with the athletes academic responsibilities, and its a lot toaccount for. When all is said and done, the athlete sees no money aside from scholarships. Itwould alleviate many other problems as well. Gambling and corruption on campuses is threateningthe honor of college athletics. Illegal dealings with agents, has increased as well. Paying anincome to athletes will lessen the control agents can place on players by reducing their need formoney. When university athletic departments are benefiting from these players, to the tune ofmillions of dollars, and the student-athletes are receiving only an education that they may or m ayA scholarship is nice, but it does not pay the bills for many of these players. If collegesand universities made money solely from ticket sales as a means of perpetuating sports programs,there would be no argument over whether college athletes should be paid. The cheating occurswhen colleges negotiate billion dollar television and multi-million dollar endorsement contracts. Those contracts and endorsements are the acts of businesses looking to make money, notnon-profit institutions. Colleges and universities are in the business of making money whetherthey admit to it or not, and they use student-athletes to do it. I believe the athletes should bepaid. How else do they make money? The athletes main accomplishments go unnoticed and thededication to the school is unappreciated. The paying of athletes would not be a paycheck butrather a support for the entertainment and flash money that they bring along with them to theUniversity. Paying them would not only be fair, but beneficial to both the student-athletes and theBibliography:

The Interpretation of Dreams Oedipus Rex Essay Example

The Interpretation of Dreams Oedipus Rex Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on The Interpretation of Dreams Oedipus Rex specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Interpretation of Dreams Oedipus Rex specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Interpretation of Dreams Oedipus Rex specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Interpretation of Dreams Oedipus Rex Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic hypothesis of the Oedipus complex is considered as one of the most controversial theories in the psychological school of theories in the world. The term Oedipus complex was because of the tale of the King Oedipus and the Oedipus Rex of Sophocles. It dwells on a prophecy whereby a young protagonist man is predicted to murder his father and wed his mother in unclear circumstances (Ahmed, 61). From Freud’s perspective, it is evident that young boys require love form their parents and with specific reference to their mothers all of which is a natural need for nurturing from the mother. In addition, Freud notes that young men unconsciously harbor hatred towards their fathers, which grows into wishing for the death of the father. Freud bases his theory on two portions of the mind, the conscious part and the unconscious part. In addition, he also noted that there was a preconscious part of the mind, which is responsible for the interactions between the conscious and the unconscious parts of the mind. In addition, he considers that the preconscious and unconscious minds form the smallest parts of the brain. He also considers that the unconscious mind is responsible for instigating man’s desires for cravings and basic things such as sex, food, thirst among others (Ellis, Abrams, Lidia, 11). From Freud’s perspective, he sates that man is born as an infant who has a pure id. This id is however corrupted and evolves to from wishes of which are unconscious for the growing individual. His views that the corruption of the mind is on the unconscious part could be termed as insufficient and baseless. This is because he states of the division of the brain into three parts, which are diverse in terms of functionality. However in essence the real brain is not divided in the claimed three parts of which he attributes the human traits such as desire, needs and wants. Hence, his claims could also be termed as assumptions or mere speculation as they are lacking. The lack of the three parts of the brain within any real human brain could be a clear illustration of the deviation those theories have had on the psychoanalytic schools of thought (Ellis, Abrams, Lidia, 34). Thus, his position when applied to man exercising free will could be described as fulfilling the desires of the unconscious part all of which is communicated from the unconscious to the conscious part by the preconscious part of the brain. Freud in efforts to convince people that man in essence has an already mapped out fate or destiny all of which is defined by the unconscious part of the brain and communicated to the conscious part of the brain for execution by the preconscious part of the brain all of which are unseen. Freud’s theories were usually explicit on sexual issues, which were considered as untouchable issues at that period. He considers that man does possess free will but is instead driven by the life drive, which is the desire to survive, and the death drive, which is the desire to kill or cease living. From such issues we draw a conclusion that man has fate or destiny which is already predetermined by the natural forces and more so the unconscious part of the mi nd. Hence, according to Freud man does not possess free will but is instead directed towards a fate. In relation to Liaus and Oedipus, they both were unaware of the presence of each other’s existence and were instead directed towards their fate by the unconscious mind. Hence, they both played their role towards the fulfillment of the prophecy. Furthermore, Freud adds that sex and its related actions are based on the unconscious part of the mind. This brings forth the question as to why consensual sex is mere based on unconscious reactions. Thus if so people would have sex with every other person. From such we are able to arrive at a conclusion that individual actions are made from free will as an individual is able to determine if an action is adequate and right before proceeding with the execution of the task. Freud’s basis on the ‘Oedipus complex’ is based on his theory that attraction or desire for the parent who is preferably of the opposite sex is usually a component in the developmental stage especially for younger male children at around the age of five years. In addition according to Sigmund Freud the behavior exhibited by people in society arises from sex and nature all of which are part of the unconscious part of the brain. In addition, the sex and nature or instincts are neurological messages of the physical needs of humans. Hence, in relation to the mythical story of Oedipus, the death of Liaus, Oedipus’ father happened because of his resentment for his father and coupled by the presence of a complex and unfathomable relationship between Oedipus and his mother. Hence, all of the incidences of the myth of Oedipus are edged on the fate and from such it is easy to state that man lives according to his fate or destiny (Ellis, Abrams, Lidia, 41). On the other hand, man does not have free will as his actions are based on sexual desires. He presupposes that man when born harbors only sexual desire of which becomes evident in maturity. He lays too much emphasis on sexual desires as the driver of man’s actions and more so his actions of social interactions with other people. This statement is insufficient, as man does not interact on a sexual perspective in day-to-day life. Hence, his conclusion can also be disputed by the modern day psychological schools and modern day medicine. Modern day studies indicate that infants and younger children do not harbor any sexual thoughts or feelings hence his claims that man possesses sexual desires while still in the mother’s womb as an embryo. Such claims are insufficient because his efforts are to convince the world that man has his behavior embedded within his mind. Hence, his or her sexual acts are merely out of the subconscious part of the min (Ellis, Abrams, Lidia, 49). Oedipus did not consider Queen Jocasta as his biological mother of who he was predicted to marry by the oracle but instead considered her as a potential wife to be as she held the throne. In addition, Oedipus’ encounter, which resulted in the death of his father who was the king, happened when both were unaware of each other’s identity. Thus according to Freud Oedipus’ murder towards a father of whom he was not aware of, happened out of resentment for the male parent. This is an insufficient statement as the tow Oedipus and Liaus were unaware of each other’s identity. In addition, from the same perspective his marriage towards a mother whom he did not consider was out of love for his mother. This is untrue because none of the two had any idea of each other’s identity. On the other hand, fate had a great role to play in the myth because Oedipus and Liaus visited oracles in efforts to avoid each other’s paths. However their efforts were in futility as the two eventually met and Oedipus after committing the murder did not have an idea of the identity of Liaus and if he was his father. Oedipus’ choice to marry a woman well older than him, edged out of free will and fate. Thus, Freud’s view that there exists a sexual attraction for people and their parents of the opposite sex is edged on mere assumptions. This is because Oedipus did not possess any knowledge that he was about to meet his mother in his path of adventure (Ahmed, 68). In conclusion Sigmund Freud’s theory could be considered as mere sexualized as he considers every actions within the human brain is as a result of the need to have physical fulfillment of specific actions. Hence, his theories are inadequate in that they fail to account for other actions by people, which are not based on a sexual perspective. This is because minute actions by people are influenced by their sexuality and sexual thoughts. Hence, the rest of the actions are undetermined. The same theories are also indecent because as an individual I do not consider my mother or father from a sexual perspective without any regard for my gender. Thus we act based on our needs to fulfill specific needs all of which must not fall under a sexual perspective (Ahmed, 70). Work Cited Ahmed, Sofe. â€Å"Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Oedipus Complex: A Critical Study With Reference To D.H. Lawrence’s â€Å"Sons and Lovers†Ã¢â‚¬  Internal Journal of English and Literature 3. 3(2012): pp 60-70.Print. Ellis, Albert, Mike Abrams, Lidia Abrams. Personality Theories: Critical Perspectives. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, 2009. Print.

War World I essays

War World I essays During the summer of 1914 World War I had begun when Austria-Hungary declared on Serbia. Nobody knew that twenty-one years later another world war would spark. Both wars very different because of the age gap but very alike on the subject of war. World War I began in the Balkans, where Archduke Francis Ferdinand heir to the Austria-Hungary throne was assassinated. Austria-Hungary accused Serbia of the assassination of their Archduke which would spark the beginning of a war. Austria-Hungary gained a promise of support for any action it took against Serbia. A list of demands was then sent to Serbia from Austria-Hungary. Serbia accepted most of the demands. Serbia then offered to have the rest settled by an international conference. When Austria-Hungary did not accept the offer they declared war on Serbia and expected a quick victory. World War II began on September 1st, 1989 when Germany declared war on Poland, Poland being the largest country for the Jewish population. Adolf Hitler had turned Germany into a war machine. Germany now powerful as ever crushed Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium, Norway, and France. World War I and World War II both had Germany on the enemy side against the US. Both of the wars were actually because of Germany, Germany backed Austria-Hungary which declared war on Serbia in WWI. Germany invaded Poland in WWII which caused the war to begin. WWI was a bit shorter than WWII which lasted for six years, where WWI lasted only about 4 years. In WWI Germany invaded only a few countries with the battles whereas in WWII Germany took over many countries with Hitler in power. Both of the wars were hoped as to be quick victories but that never happened. Also with both of the wars the US always started out as staying neutral until they were bought into the wars. In WWII the rise of dictatorships had come into play in Italy, Japan, the Soviet Union, and Germany. With WWI there were no set dictatorships...

Basic Boating

Adam Barner is the owner of Basic Boating, an independent dealer of secondhand boats in a small town near the main lake. Adam has contracted with several dealers to purchase secondhand boats in auctions that they do not want to sell and to discount or purchase directly from personal sources. As Adam's trade name implies, he is focusing on older, cheaper ships. In most cases, it is best to purchase a ship owner the sales of Basic Boating. But he sells boats of various styles. At the most basic level, chartering involves chartering and taking you to pre-arranged destinations / routes for fishing trips. There are 3 kinds of light boat, cabin, crew. The first one is like a straight line charter; you must take full ship's full legal and financial responsibilities and have the skills and experience necessary to operate the ship - normally you need a license of the captain is. You also must act as a captain to provide your own crew and make all necessary decisions. The cabin charter is an e xperienced captain you carry with you, and you and your friend are crews - this is a wonderful way to meet new people or connect with old friends. Finally, there is a regulation of the crew associated with the person who chose to participate in the crew, captain, chef etc. Adam Barner is the owner of Basic Boating, an independent dealer of secondhand boats in a small town near the main lake. Adam has contracted with several dealers to purchase secondhand boats in auctions that they do not want to sell and to discount or purchase directly from personal sources. As Adam's trade name implies, he is focusing on older, cheaper ships. In most cases, it is best to purchase a ship owner the sales of Basic Boating. - The growth of international bases in sales and marketing offices is driven by an increase in the number of customers in various industry sectors and the introduction of a differentiation department to bring differentiated departments closer to providing cross-border core custome r service (introduction of TIB Etc.) as a result of the necessity. Regardless of your professional level, safe boating has basic knowledge of navigation. These include always talking to someone before going out, always bringing a floating device, and knowing how to swim in advance. For details, please see the Safe Rowing page. The best sailor who is familiar with the sailing control is a person who can adjust the sail settings to take advantage of various wind and water conditions. Generally speaking, when the wind is very weak or strong, the sail should be relatively flat, and when the wind is moderate, the wind should fill. Basic Boating Adam Barner is the owner of Basic Boating, an independent dealer of secondhand boats in a small town near the main lake. Adam has contracted with several dealers to purchase secondhand boats in auctions that they do not want to sell and to discount or purchase directly from personal sources. As Adam's trade name implies, he is focusing on older, cheaper ships. In most cases, it is best to purchase a ship owner the sales of Basic Boating. But he sells boats of various styles. At the most basic level, chartering involves chartering and taking you to pre-arranged destinations / routes for fishing trips. There are 3 kinds of light boat, cabin, crew. The first one is like a straight line charter; you must take full ship's full legal and financial responsibilities and have the skills and experience necessary to operate the ship - normally you need a license of the captain is. You also must act as a captain to provide your own crew and make all necessary decisions. The cabin charter is an e xperienced captain you carry with you, and you and your friend are crews - this is a wonderful way to meet new people or connect with old friends. Finally, there is a regulation of the crew associated with the person who chose to participate in the crew, captain, chef etc. Adam Barner is the owner of Basic Boating, an independent dealer of secondhand boats in a small town near the main lake. Adam has contracted with several dealers to purchase secondhand boats in auctions that they do not want to sell and to discount or purchase directly from personal sources. As Adam's trade name implies, he is focusing on older, cheaper ships. In most cases, it is best to purchase a ship owner the sales of Basic Boating. - The growth of international bases in sales and marketing offices is driven by an increase in the number of customers in various industry sectors and the introduction of a differentiation department to bring differentiated departments closer to providing cross-border core custome r service (introduction of TIB Etc.) as a result of the necessity. Regardless of your professional level, safe boating has basic knowledge of navigation. These include always talking to someone before going out, always bringing a floating device, and knowing how to swim in advance. For details, please see the Safe Rowing page. The best sailor who is familiar with the sailing control is a person who can adjust the sail settings to take advantage of various wind and water conditions. Generally speaking, when the wind is very weak or strong, the sail should be relatively flat, and when the wind is moderate, the wind should fill.

American Indian Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

American Indian - Research Paper Example The American Indians lived in solitude for many years until the coming of the Europeans, who later discovered America, making things less peaceful. Indians experienced forceful eviction from their land leading to war and a lot of bloodshed. The Indians had different views of the Europeans and knew they would use different techniques to attack them, including use of military force (Nichols 3). There are Indians who supported the white men, while others refused completely to surrender even when they were subjected to harsh conditions. The Indian Revolution Act, implemented in 1830, made several tribes migrate to the Western side of the country. With the revolt against the British and formation of US, the idea of civilization was conceived, and the American Indians were prepared for assimilation into United States citizens. It was integral to have a manifested destiny, as that would favour the nationalist movements that were present. Family Structure of the American Indians The family s tructure of the Indians was formed in such a way that it had to be obscure that an extended family existed. An extended family that lived together in one house were enumerated as subfamily members, and all the members were related to the holder of the house. An extended family that resided in several homesteads ensured they were at a close proximity to one another. However, the families were recognised as a single entity with independent households. Both the parents and grandparents resided in a dwelling place that was mobile, and they ensured they were near the children or grandchildren. The cultural conceptions of the Indians recognised an Indian grandmother as the aunt of a child as well as the grandaunt. Extended families were responsible for the formation of kinship networks, formed based on clan memberships and not necessarily by birth, marriage or adoption. Traditional Native families retained their Indian ways and had no influence from the urban ways of life (Lamanna and Rie dman 67). The Indian families relate more to people outside immediate family in a supportive way, and this is evident in the Sioux Families; where family involvement begins in the early stages of life as parents get selected for new born babies. The families strengths are seen in the helping systems present in the community at large, and they have spiritual courage that they obtain from their religion. The Indian families also have respect for one another and this is a basis they use for their later learning. American Indian Culture American Indians enjoyed freedom and contentment in their land, before corruption and other vices brought conflicts to the community (Porter 93). American Indian culture gave rise to many familiar symbols that depict struggle and triumphs, making many modern life aspects adopt them. Tepee and Peace Pipe are some of the symbols the natives used in their culture, as a tapestry of the American Native life. Everything from plants, animals, housing, to climat e conditions defined the Indian culture, with their animals being referred to as spirits; despite the fact that they hunted and killed them. The Indians’ clothes were made of animal skins, and the meat was greatly revered thus it never went to waste. There was a belief that spirits lived, and were present among all the Indian tribes. American Indians participated in agricultural

A Comparison between Charles Taylor and Will Kymlickas views on Essay

A Comparison between Charles Taylor and Will Kymlickas views on Multiculturalism with Minority Rights - Essay Example However, the implementation of equality and sharing of beliefs is the only way that discriminatory issues can be avoided and minority rights upheld, according to Taylor's philosophy. I personally tend to favor Taylor's point of view since it appears to have the most solidity in the view's being given. Of course he makes quite a few other interesting points in his writing, from my personal interpretation of it. Multiculturalism has a strong purpose in politics as when there are other nationalities living in a country they want to be able to feel they are a part of it (Taylor 1994). The only way this is possible is if they have awareness that they are included in the many political debates of the many topics concerning the country's needs or desire's for the people.Furthermore, Taylor shows the notion of multiculturalism gives identity to people as it defines them as human beings. If the politics of a nation where only centered around the natural origin of those living in a country, su ch as Americans in the United States, then there would be no sense of a multiculturalist identity for those who were of a foreign body that also dwelled in America as well. Therefore Taylor points out that it is crucial to acknowledge all people who reside in a country and that developing a political identity with the concept of multiculturalism is the way to go about creating equality and a sense of individuality for all of the various ethnic cultures within the body of a nation. A political body can not simply step up to a podium and refer to all people as Americans or Europeans and expect there to be unity in that nation. This is one of the strongest views of Taylor and this author feels it has a good relevance to the effect political bodies have on the citizens of a nation. If there is a lack of inclusion of one type of nationality there is going to be discord and inequality but if there is an inclusion of the whole concept of multiculturalism then it will make a nation stronger and the citizens of the communities will be united, or so it would appear. Also, Taylor also emphasizes the fact that recognition of different cultures is extremely important to provide equality in a nation. However, there can be various dilemmas with what people know about others and therefore the idea of misrecognition of a culturally diverse group can create just as many problems as actually not identifying their presence can create. For example people in a country often make assumptions about foreigners who live there. Before the facts are gathered false interpretations develop such as with Latino's, many people in America often identify all Latino's as being from Mexico and speaking the same form of language but this is the wrong impression. Latino's span out across many regions and they all do not look alike or speak alike therefore this is a simple example that can be given following Taylor's points of misrecognition of a culture between ethnicities. In fact Taylor states that the wrong idea can cause severe harm onto a culture as they are then faced with many discriminatory issues and don't feel a sense of equality either, which is one of the problems that is prevalent in many countries today, especially in the United States in particular. This results in a distorted image of a culture and impacts them in a negative way as they begin to feel that the main representative cultural body within a country is not willing to